Susan J. Allee and Wayne A. Bennett, University of West Florida, Department of Biology, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514

Abstract. Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, are poorly represented in ecological studies and their reproductive strategies relatively undefined. Our preliminary investigations into breeding seasons and mating behaviors of a Florida gulf toadfish population have revealed several unique and previously undocumented strategies. Ten replicates, each with 5 nest types, were placed in the field and observed from February until November for toadfish activities. Gulf toadfish appear to participate in a bi-peaked breeding season. Males established nests and females oviposit during the month of May, then all fish disappear until late July and breeding resumed in September. Male and female toadfish apparently discriminate between nest types differently. Females preferred nests with one opening over those that are accessible to the surrounding environment through multiple openings. Males, however, showed distinct preferences between the five different nest types based on characteristics of each nest. Males that occupy nests adjacent to other male-occupied nests appear to have greater reproductive success than lone males, contradicting the traditional view that toadfish are highly aggressive and territorial. Male gulf toadfish do not appear to aggressively defend any territory beyond their immediate nest site, an observation which may explain why males in groups experience greater reproductive success.